Transformation of sentences
Transformation of sentences
Negative to affirmative:
1. None but/nothing but থাকলে only/ alone হবে।
2. Cannot but থাকলে Must হবে।
3. There is no ……. But থাকলে Every হবে।
4. No sooner had …. Than থাকলে as soon as
*** 5. Not থাকলে উঠে যাবে, আর না থাকলে বসবে। Adjective এর বিপরীত শব্দ বসবে। Adjective না থাকলে verb এর বিপরীত শব্দ বসবে।
N.B: Never - Always এর ক্ষেত্রে not এর ব্যবহার হবে না। By – without হবে।
Transform the following sentences into negative
1. The old man was alone alive. Ans: None but the old man was alive.
2. Only the graduates should apply. Ans: None but the graduates should apply.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. Only the brave deserve the fair.
4.
Only the moon was visible.
5. He lives along in the house.
6. Man must submit to destiny.
7. You must obey your teachers.
8. All men must die.
9. As soon as the teacher entered the class room, the
students stood up.
10. As soon as Della saw it, she knew that it must be Karim’s.
11. Every rose has a thorn.
12. Every man hates a liar.
13. Every body believes in his honesty.
14. Every mother loves her child.
15. Everyone loves a truthful boy.
16.
I shall always remember your advice.
17. The sailor was old.
18.
The man is poor.
19. Man is mortal.
20. I missed the train.
21. Jerry refused the money.
22. I was doubtful of his honesty.
23. I forgot his name.
24.
He is present in the meeting.
25. Traveling is a always pleasant.
26.
The men were pleased to see it.
27. They were right in thinking so.
28.
The boy is strong in English.
29. He is my friend.
30. Dhaka is an old city.
31. We should always speak the truth.
32. By working hard they can remove
their condition.
33. The literacy rate in Bangladesh is very poor.
34.
Everybody wants friends.
35. Her parents liked her very much.
36. He is a regular student.
37. They are honest and pious.
38.
They are always sincere to their duties.
39. She is a very hardworking and responsible loanee
40. He must go from one house to another in fair weather or foul.
Transform the
following sentences into affirmative
1. None but Allah can help us. Ans: Only Allah can help us.
2. None but the fool will say
so.
3. Never tell a lie. Ans: Always speak the truth.
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
Jim was never late.
5. You cannot but going there.
6. Jerry was not a dishonest
boy.
7. I did not find many people there.
8. No sooner had I reached boy.
9. There is no mother but loves her child.
10. No one will deny
his courage.
11. The boy was not unlike his father.
12. All can not but
summit to destiny.
13. There is no body but likes to go on a foreign tour.
14. I shall never be ungrateful.
15. He is not dishonored by anybody.
16. No sooner had he come then the meeting began.17. We did not find the road bad.
18. A good boy never neglects
his lesson.
19. There is no rose without a thorn.
20. I never disagreed with him.
21. I cannot but shed tears at the sight.
22. This old not
please me.
23. The old sailor was not kind.
24. Jim was not solvent.
25. There is not cloud without silver lining.
26.
Everybody cannot but be conscious of his health.
27. There contribution will never be forgotten.
28. He is never late to
attend his classes.
29. Hazy Muhammad Mushin was not an unkind man.
30. He was not unkind and impious.
Assertive 🠞 Interrogative
1. Sentence এ যদি সাহায্যকারী verb থাকে, তাহলে সাহায্যকারী verb, subject এর পূর্বে বসবে এবং তার সাথে not এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ বসবে।
2. Sentence এ যদি মূল verb থাকে, তাহলে মূল verb অনুসারে Do/Did/Does, Subject – এর পূর্বে বসবে এবং তার সাথে not এর সংক্ষিপ্ত রূপ বসবে।
*** N. B. Never - Ever, Nothing- Anything এর ক্ষেত্রে not এর ব্যবহার হবে না।
3. Sentence- এর শুরুতে যদি Everybody / Everyone/ All থাকে তাহলে Who হবে এবং Who এর পর Negative হবে।
4. Sentence - এর শুরুতে যদি Nobody / None / No থাকে তাহলে Who হবে।
1. Foyot’s is a restaurant. Ans: Isn't Foyot's a restaurant?
2.
Jerry liked the late spring. Ans: Didn't Jerry like the late spring?
3. She likes white gloves. Ans: Doesn't She like white gloves?
Practice (Do yourself):
4. Prevention is better than cure.
5. Addiction to drinking is dangerous.
6. I have had my revenge at last.
7. They could not drink salty sea water.
8. The Dillingham Youngs took a mighty pride in their possessions.
9. The smell of the melted butter tickled my nostrils.
10.The flavour of the food becomes
monotonous.
11. I can never forget your advice.
12.
I never went there.
13. Their glory can never fade.
14. He is not a great fool.
15. He is not present in the meeting.
16. He was not a fool.
17. He is a great scholar.
18.
He went there of his own accord.
19. I have nothing to say.
20. There was nothing to do but flop down.
21. There is nothing wrong with me.
22. Everybody hankers after
happiness.
23. Everybody loves a patriot.
24. Everybody fears death.
25. Everyone hates a criminal.
26. Nobody trusts a liar.
27. No one can depend on an unreliable man.
28. No one hits accurately
every time.
29. Nobody could ever count my love for you.
30. None has ever seen such a
fine sight.
31. It is the duty of the educated people to educate the illiterate.
32. My friend invited me to pay a visit to Cox’s Bazar.
33. You cannot he happy without it.
34. He can succeed in life.
35. We are proud of our freedom fighters.
36. She passed her time in reading
and writing.
37. The books of great
38. He inherited vast property from his father and sister.
Exclamatory 🠞 Assertive
1. Fie! থাকলে It Is shameful that হবে।
2. Alas! থাকলে It is sad that হবে।
3. Hurrah! থাকলে rejoice that হবে।
4. If/ Had/ Oh, that/ Would that থাকলে I wish হবে।
***N.B. I wish এর পরিবর্তে If বসানোই ভালো । ***N.B. Had আগে থাকলে পরে বসবে কিন্তু উঠবে না।
*** 5. Verb এর পরে যদি Article থাকে তাহলে What হবে। যদি Article না থাকে তাহলে How হবে।
Verb এর পরের অংশ আগে এবং আগের অংশ পরে বসবে।
N.B. Very / great থাকলে উঠে যাবে আর না থাকলে বসবে।
Transformation the following
sentences into exclamatory
1. It was very lucky day. Ans: How lucky day it was!
2. It is a very beautiful bird. Ans: What a beautiful bird it is!
3. The fob chain of Jim was very nice. Ans: How nice the fob chain of Jim was!
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
My hair grows very fast.
5. The sun shone very hotly overhead.
6.
The heat was very terrible.
7. The next few days were very terrible.
8.
The Padma is a very big river.
9. She was very talkative.
10. It was an exciting game.
11. The girl sings very sweetly.
12.
The sight is very pathetic.
13. I have got a very nice gift for you.
14.
The scenery of the place is very charming.
15. I wish I were young again.
16.
I wish I had the wings of a dove.
17. A Little learning is a very dangerous thing.
18.
He leads a moot unhappy life.
19. I wish I could fly in the sky.
20.
You are a great fool.
21. I wish I could go there in time.
22.
I was very glad to see the sea beach.
Transformation the following
sentences into Assertive.
1. How sweetly the cuckoo sings! Ans: The cuckoo sings very sweetly.
2.
What a nice flower the rose is!
3. What a big river the Padma is! Ans: The Padma is a very big river.
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
What a fool you are!
5. How talkative she was!
6.
How pretty the girl is!
7. What a fine flower it is!
8.
How exciting the first day in Dieppe is!
9. What a lovely place it is!
10.
How beautiful the youngest sister was!
11. What a beautiful bird it is!
12.
How fortunate the porter was!
13. How fast time flies!
14. How deep his love for Farhana was!
15. What a wonderful scenery it is!
16.
If I could be a child again!
17. Had I been a merchant!
18.
It I were a millionaire!
19. If l were a philosopher like Socrates!
20.
Had I possessed a lot of wealth!
21. How charming the first meal in a strange town is!
22. How charming still ltaly is!
23. Hurrah! we have won the match.
24.
Hurrah! we are victorious.
25. Alas! I am undone.
26. Would that we could enter the house.
Voice
Voice হলো verb এর গঠন যা দ্বারা Subject নিজে কিছু করে বা অন্যের কাজ তার উপর এসে পরে তা বুঝায়।
Voice দুই প্রকার । যথা: (i) Active voice , (ii)
Passive voice
Active Voice: যে Sentence এ subject নিজে সক্রিয় বা Active হয়ে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে, সে Sentence এ verb Active Voice হয়।
Passive Voice: যে Sentence এ Subject নিজে কাজ সম্পন্ন করে না বরং Object এর কাজটি তার ওপর এসে পরে তখন সে Sentence এ Verb এর Passive Voice হয়।
Passive Voice: Object + Tense অনুযায়ী to be Verb + V3
+ Ex. + by + Sub.
|
Subjective |
Objective |
|
I |
Me |
|
We |
Us |
|
You |
You |
|
He |
Him |
|
She |
Her |
|
They |
Them |
|
Who |
By
whom |
|
Whom |
Who |
Tense অনুযায়ী to be verb
|
Present
Indefinite |
Am,
is, are |
|
Past
Indefinite |
Was,
were |
|
Future
Indefinite |
Shall
be, Will be |
|
Present
continuous |
Am/
is/ are+ being |
|
Past
continuous |
Was/
ware+ being |
|
Future
continuous |
Shall/
will+ be+ being |
|
Present
perfect |
Have/
has+ been |
|
Past
perfect |
Had
been |
|
Future
perfect |
Shall/
will+ have been |
Assertive Sentence
Example:
1. The farmer grows jute. Ans: Jute is grown by the farmer.
2.
He dug a canal.
3. I shall finish the work. Ans: The work will be done by me.
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
We are catching fished.
5. The girl was singing a song.
6.
He will be kicking the ball.
7. You have changed the voice.
8. Reaj
had played football before I went to the field.
9. I shall have
eaten rice before he comes.
** Shall, will, can, could, may, might, might, Should, Would, must, ought to, used to, have to, has to, had to, am going, are going to, was going to, were going to---- + be.
1. I have to do the work. Ans: The work have to be done by me.
2.
You may help me.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. He is going to open a bank account.
4. I
am going to post the letter.
5. You must do the
work
Double object
1. She gave me a rose Ans: A rose was given me by her. Or; I was given a rose by her.
Practice (Do yourself):
2. He told me a story.
3.
I showed him a picture.
Factitive objective
যে object ক্ষণস্থায়ী এবং জনগণের মতামতের উপর নির্ভরশীল তাকে Factitive object বলে। এই Object কখনও Subject হয় না।
1. We elected him chairman.
2.
They made me secretary of the club.
Reflexive object (Self যুক্ত )
যে Sentence এ Subject ও Object একই ব্যক্তিকে নির্দেশ করে সেই Sentence এর Object কে Reflexive Object বলে ।
এই Object কখনও Subject হয় না।
1. He killed himself. Ans: He was killed by himself.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
She fans herself.
Quasi- passive
যে Sentence এ কোন ব্যক্তিবাচক Subject থাকে না অথবা Subject Verb এর কাজ করতে পারে না তাকে Quasi- passive বলে।
1. Honey tastes sweet. Ans: Honey is tasted sweet. Or, Honey is sweet when it is tasted.
Practice (Do yourself):
2. The book read easy.
3. Iron feels hard.
Change the following Active voices into passive
1. Mr. Jalil teaches us English. Ans: We are taught English by Mr. Jalil
2. The
cow gives us milk. Ans; Milk is given us by the cow.
3. Rani was singing a song. Ans: A song was being sang by Rani.
Practice (Do yourself):
4. Rumi
draws a picture.
5. The old man stopped the guest.
6.
We should do our duties.
7. We had finished the work.
8.
We elected him chairmen.
9. God loves us all.
10. The
teacher did the sums.
11. The fishermen were catching fish.
12. I
am going to give Farhana a token of love.
13. I saw him playing football.
14. He watched the boy crying.
15. The teacher saw the students playing the field.
16. The people in Asia mainly eat rice.
17. She hurt her brother.
18.
I have to do it.
19. The motor car ran over the dog.
20. I
know that the work is hard.
21. The ladies fan themselves.
22. Our
teacher is going to give us presents.
23. He has cut his finger.
24.
They think him to be a poet.
25. They are going to start a business.
26. We
know that the earth is round.
সাহায্যকারী Verb এর মাধ্যমে Interrogative Sentence:
1. Have you done the work? Ans: Have the work been done by you?
2. Will they help the poor? Ans: Will the poor be helped by them?
3. Shall I catch fish? Ans: Will fish be caught by me?
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
Were you calling me?
5. Do you play football?
6.
Did the boy catch a bird?
7. Does she write a letter?
8.
Doesn’t Rumi prepare her lessons daily?
9. Didn’t Lucy sing a song?
10.
Don’t you like tea?
Who থাকলে By whom হবে।
1. Who is calling me? Ans: By whom am I being called?
2. Who has broken the glasses? Ans: By whom has the glasses been broken?
3. Who will help you? Ans: By whom will you be helped?
Practice (Do yourself):
4. Who killed the Albatross?
5. Who was singing a song?
6. Who was blowing the pipe?
7. Who will be reading the book?
8. Who will drive the car?
Whom থাকলে Who হবে।
1. Whom did you see on the road? Ans: Who is seen by you on the road?
2. Whom
has he beaten? Ans: Who has been beaten by him?
3. Whom is he teaches English? Ans: Who is taught English by him?
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
Whom will he teacher?
5. Whom did you lend the pen?
6. Whom
did you give the book?
7. Whom are they
calling?
What, When, How, Where, Why, Which, Whose এর কোন পরিবর্তন হবে না।
1. What do you want? Ans: What is wanted by you?
2. What
has he done? Ans: What has been done by him?
3. When did you meet? Ans: when did the meeting take place??
Practice (Do yourself):
4.
Which pen has he bought?
5. How can you do this?
6.
Where did you find him?
7. Which people did he like?
8. When
will you return my book?
Imperative Sentence
শুরুতে মূল verb যুক্তঃ
1. Do the work. Ans: Let the work be done.
2.
Shut the door. Ans: Let the door be shouted.
3. Write the letter without any delay. Ans: Let the letter be written without any delay.
Practice (Do yourself):
4. Always
speak the truth.
5. Post the letter now.
6.
Buy me a shirt.
শুরুতে মূল Do not যুক্তঃ
1. Do not play football at noon. Ans: Let not football be played at noon.
2.
Do not hate the poor. Ans: Let not the poor be hated.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. Do not shut the door.
4.
Do not make a noise.
5. Never tell a lie.
শুরুতে মূল Let যুক্তঃ
1. Let me do the work. Ans: Let the work be done by me.
2.
Do him write a letter. Ans: Let a letter be written by him.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. Let the girl sing a song.
4.
Let them call in a doctor.
5. Let him finish
the work.
Simple à Complex à Compound
Clause: ‡h kã mgwó‡Z GKwU Subject Ges
GKwU Finite verb _v‡K Zv‡K Clause e‡j|
Clause: wZb
cÖKvi| h_v:
(i)
Main ev Principal Clause
(ii)
Subordinate
Clause
(iii)
Co-ordinate
Clause
- Main ev Principal Clause: Principal Clause n‡”Q ev‡K¨i g~j Ask ev ¯^qsm¤ú~Y© Ask| Gi
mv‡_ †Kvb Conjunction hy³ _v‡K bv|
- Subordinate Clause: ‡h Clause, Principal Clause Gi mvnvh¨ e¨ZxZ
wbR¯^ A_© c~Y©iƒ‡c cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡ibv Zv‡K Subordinate Clause e‡j|
N.B. Subordinate Clause -------------what, when,
how, that, conjunction hy³ _v‡K|
3. Co-ordinate Clause: ‡h Clause ¯^vaxb Ges wbR¯^ A_© cÖKvk Ki‡Z cv‡i Zv‡K Co-ordinate Clause e‡j|
N. B. Giv mvaviYZ and,
or, but, not only………but also cÖf„wZ Conjunction
Øviv hy³
_v‡K|
1. Simple Sentence: ‡h Sentence
G GKwU Subject Ges GKwU Fine verb _v‡K Zv‡K Simple
Sentence e‡j|
†hgb:
Mamun Sleeps
2. Complex Sentence: ‡h Sentence G GKwU Principal Clause Ges GK ev GKvwaK Subordinate Clause _v‡K Zv‡K Complex Sentence e‡j| ‡hgb : Though he is rich, he is unhappy.
3. Compound Sentence: †h Sentence G `yB ev Z‡ZvwaK Co-ordinate Clause _v‡K Zv‡K Compound Sentence e‡j|
†hgb
: Shila is present but Shikha is
absent.
Sentence cwieZ©b Kivi wbqg:
|
No. |
Simple |
Compound |
Complex |
|
1. |
In spite of/
Despite |
But |
Though/ Although |
|
2. |
Too + to |
Very + and + can
not/ could not |
So------that + can
not/ could not |
|
3. |
V1 + ing |
And |
When |
|
4. |
Because |
And so |
Since/ as |
|
5. |
By + V1 + ing |
V1 + and |
If + Affirmative |
|
6. |
Without + V1 + ing |
V1 + or |
If + Negative |
|
7. |
To + V1 |
And |
So that + can/
could/ may/ might |
N.B. – Am, is, are, was, were Gi cwie‡Z© being e‡m|
N.B.- Have, has, had Gi cwie‡Z© having e‡m|
Simple à Complex + Compound
1. Standing by the window, Farhana looked out for me.
2.
The gifts are to nice to be used just at present.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. Entering the classroom, the teacher found the boys gossiping.
4. He is too weak to move.
5. The marriage ceremony being over, the guests were going to the feast.
6.
We eat to live.
7. In spite of his working hard, he could not reach to his goal.
8. By following my example, you will feel
better.
9. In spite of having knowledge, Mr. was not selected.
10. By writing much,
you can write well.
11. Because of killing the albatross, the old man was punished.
12.
Without obeying
me, you will be punished.
13. Because of my illness, I could not join the meeting.
14. I saw a young man.
15. Without walking fast, you will miss the train.
16.
They saw a flying bird in the sky.
17. There is a girl named Farhana.
18. The sailors saw a ship
coming to them.
19.
Tourists coming from home and abroad visit the beach.
1. Since the old man was weak, he could not go to the court.
2.
When he found me, he acted crazy.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. As he felt a great love for them, he blessed them form his heart.
4. If you do not
move, you will die.
5. When the sailors saw the ship, they cried in joy.
6.
If you run fast, you can win the prize.
7. Though Jim and Della were poor, they were happy in their conjugal life.
8. If you obey me, you will be rewarded.
9. Though the boy has many brothers and sister, he seems to be lonely.
10. He is so weak that he can not work.
11. If you do not work hard, you will not shine in life.
12.
A man who was young fight for the country.
13. He studied more so that he could pass the examination.
14.
The people who loves his country is a patriot.
15. The farmer sow good seeds so that they can get good crops.
16. He is so weak that he can not speak a single word.
Compound à Simple + Complex
1. He is healthy but he does not work at all.
2. Walk fast or you can not get the train.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. The porter took up his basket and followed the girl.
4.
I had forgotten him and went outside the cabin.
5. He took the purse and ran away.
6.
Work hard and you will prosper.
7. Their throats were very dry and they could not speak.
8.
Speak the truth and I will let you go.
9. He had finished the work and so took rest.
10.
He worked hard but failed.
Exercise for the practice:
1. People living
below the poverty line lead a miserable life (Complex).
2. The people who
are greedy are responsible for price (Simple).
3. Cox’s Bazar sea-beach is the longest sea-beach in
the world (Complex).
4. The visitors go
there for enjoying natural beauties (Compound).
5. Those who become
tired may go to relay there (Simple).
6. It flies from
flower to flower and collects honey (Simple).
7. In winter it
remains idle but it works hard in spring (Complex).
8. Robert frost
lives in small apartment a the capital city Toronto (Complex).
9. When it is
summer, it becomes emaciate (Simple).
10. During the rainy
season it assumes a terrible shape (Complex).
11. Cricket is a very exciting game (Complex).
12. Though it is a
very costly game, young men and children get a great deal of delight playing it
(Compound).
13. Pahela Baishakh
is undoubtedly the most celebrated festival in Bangladesh (Complex).
14. It is the day of
the year When the roads get so jam packed (Simple).
15. Although I hate
gathering, I enjoy activities of the flood of masses this day (Compound).
16.
The Sangsad Bhaban at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar in Dhaka is a wonder of modem
architecture and technology (Complex)
17. It is Louis I
kahn who is the designer of the Parliament Bhaban (Simple).
18. The house in
which we live at present suits us (Simple).
19. Only hard
working boys will succeed (Complex).
20. Once she went to her aunt’s house to spend a few days (Complex).
Degree
1. He is the best boy in the class.
2.
He is better than any other boy in the class.
3. No other boy in
the class is as good as he.
Example:
Superlative à Comparative + Positive
1. The Padma is the largest river in Bangladesh.
2.
January is the coldest month in Bangladesh.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. The lady was the cleverest women the writer had ever seen.
4. English is the richest of all languages in the
world.
Comparative à Superlative + Positive
1. Mutton chop was cheaper then any other dish on the menu.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
Iron is more useful than any other metal.
3. Chittagong is
bigger than any other sea port in Bangladesh.
Positive à Superlative+ Comparative
1. No other story book is as popular as the Arabian Nights.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
No other animal is as useful as the cow.
3. No other
dramatist is as great as good as he.
2. Plural
1. He is one of the best boys in the class.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
He is better than most other boys in the class.
3. Very few boys in
the class are as good as he.
Example:
Superlative à Comparative + Positive
1. Bhutan is one of the smallest countries in the world.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
Foyot`s is one of the most expensive restaurants.
3. This is one of
the greatest pictures in the world.
Comparative à Superlative + Positive
1. He is wiser than most other men in the village.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
Akbar was greater then most other kings of India.
3. Dhaka is bigger
then most other cities in Bangladesh.
Positive à Superlative+ Comparative
1. Very few animals are as ferocious as a lion.
Practice (Do yourself):
2.
Very few players in the team are as good as he.
3. Very few
restaurants are as fashionable as Foyot`s.
3. Than hy³
1. He is taller than I.
Practice (Do yourself):
2. I am
not as tall as he.
N.B.- My-Mine, Our- Ours, Your- Yours, Her- Hers
Example:
Comparative à Positive
1. A lion is not braver than he.
2.
A train runs faster than a bus.
Practice (Do yourself):
3. A day is brighter than night.
4. My
watch is finer than hers.
5. I guess her hands
are bigger than yours.
Positive à Comparative
1. He is as dull as an ass.
Practice (Do yourself):
2. Cure is not as good as
prevention.
3. Your pen is not
as fine as his.
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